本页内容
- 先决条件
- 安装 Flatpak
- 启用 Flatpak 软件仓库
- 使用 Flatpak 搜索应用程序
- 使用 Flatpak 安装 Google Chrome
- 运行 Flatpak 应用程序
- 使用 Flatpak 卸载应用程序
- 总结
Flatpak（原名 xdg-app）是 Linux 操作系统的一款包管理工具，可让你通过 flatpak 包管理器安装和管理软件包。Flatpak 拥有自己的软件仓库，因此你无需依赖其他仓库，它会提供软件安装所需的全部库文件与依赖项。它是一套跨发行版的应用部署框架，开发者可以针对所有主流发行版为应用程序配置 Flatpak 打包。
本文演示如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装并使用 Flatpak 包管理工具。
先决条件
- 一台运行 Ubuntu 22.04 的服务器。
- 服务器上已配置 root 密码。
安装 Flatpak
默认情况下，Flatpak 软件包已包含在 Ubuntu 的默认仓库中，你可以运行以下命令进行安装：
apt install flatpak -y你应该会看到如下输出：
flatpak --version在使用 Flatpak 之前，你需要先将 Flatpak 仓库添加到系统中，可通过以下命令添加：
Flatpak 1.12.7
使用 Flatpak 搜索应用程序
Flatpak 提供搜索功能，可通过命令行界面搜索可用的应用程序。
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo例如，要搜索 Telegram 应用，请运行以下命令：
你应该会得到如下结果：
要搜索 Skype，请运行以下命令：
你应该会看到如下输出：
flatpak search application-name首先，使用以下命令搜索 Google Chrome 应用：
flatpak search telegram现在，你可以使用上面输出中的应用程序 ID 来安装 Google Chrome：
Name Description Application ID Version Branch Remotes Telegram Desktop Fast. Secure. Powerful. org.telegram.desktop 4.3.1 stable flathub Telegram Desktop Webvi… Webview add-on that enables Telegram Desktop to show web content …telegram.desktop.webview 2.38.2 stable flathub Kotatogram Desktop Kotatogram Desktop messenger io.github.kotatogram 1.4.8 stable flathub LibreTrack Private, cross-platform package tracking app …roninyaroslav.libretrack 1.3.0 stable flathub Tangram Browser for your pinned tabs re.sonny.Tangram 1.4.2 stable flathub Bolls A web app for reading the Bible with full emphasis on the God`s Word… life.bolls.bolls 2.1.80 stable flathub Franz Messenger for the desktop com.meetfranz.Franz 5.9.1 stable flathub Delta Chat Delta Chat email-based messenger chat.delta.desktop v1.32.1 stable flathub
要列出所有已安装的应用程序，请运行以下命令：
flatpak search skype运行 Flatpak 应用程序
Name Description Application ID Version Branch Remotes Skype Call and message skype users, with video chat support com.skype.Client 8.90.0.407 stable flathub Franz Messenger for the desktop com.meetfranz.Franz 5.9.1 stable flathub
上述命令将启动 Google Chrome 的图形界面应用程序。
使用 Flatpak 卸载应用程序
flatpak search chrome你应该会看到如下输出：
Name Description Application ID Version Branch Remotes Google Chrome The web browser from Google com.google.Chrome 107.0.5304.110-1 stable flathub Chromium Web Bro… The web browser from Chromium project org.chromium.Chromium 107.0.5304.110 stable flathub ungoogled-chromi… A lightweight approach to removing Google web service dependency …Eloston.UngoogledChromium 107.0.5304.110 stable flathub Google Chrome (u… The web browser from Google com.google.ChromeDev 109.0.5410.0-1 stable flathub CrosAdapta Chrome OS GTK theme ….gtk.Gtk3theme.CrosAdapta 3.22 flathub PhotoQt Image Vi… View and manage images org.photoqt.PhotoQt 2.9.1 stable flathub Firestorm Viewer Client for accessing 3D virtual worlds …ormviewer.FirestormViewer 6.3.9.58205 stable flathub Joplin A free, open source note taking and to-do application, which can… net.cozic.joplin_desktop 2.8.8 stable flathub Google Play Musi… Run Google Play Music as a standalone desktop app …ymusicdesktopplayer.GPMDP 4.7.1 stable flathub Gabut Download M… Simple and Faster Download Manager ….github.gabutakut.gabutdm 1.9.9 stable flathub Postman Postman is a complete API development environment. com.getpostman.Postman 10.1.2 stable flathub Boxy SVG Scalable Vector Graphics editor com.boxy_svg.BoxySVG 3.92.0 stable flathub
要获取更多关于 Flatpak 命令的信息，请运行以下命令：
flatpak install com.google.Chrome总结
Looking for matches…
Required runtime for com.google.Chrome/x86_64/stable (runtime/org.freedesktop.Platform/x86_64/22.08) found in remote flathub
Do you want to install it? [Y/n]: Y
com.google.Chrome permissions:
ipc network cups pcsc pulseaudio
wayland x11 devices file access [1] dbus access [2]
bus ownership [3] system dbus access [4] tags [5]
[1] /run/.heim_org.h5l.kcm-socket, host-etc, xdg-documents, xdg-download, xdg-music, xdg-pictures, xdg-run/dconf, xdg-run/pipewire-0,
xdg-videos, ~/.config/dconf:ro, ~/.config/kioslaverc
[2] ca.desrt.dconf, org.freedesktop.FileManager1, org.freedesktop.Notifications, org.freedesktop.secrets, org.gnome.SessionManager
[3] org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*
[4] org.freedesktop.Avahi, org.freedesktop.UPower
[5] proprietary
ID Branch Op Remote Download
1. org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 22.08 i flathub < 131.0 MB
2. org.freedesktop.Platform.Locale 22.08 i flathub < 333.0 MB (partial)
3. org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.2.0 i flathub < 944.3 kB
4. org.freedesktop.Platform 22.08 i flathub < 214.4 MB
5. com.google.Chrome stable i flathub < 100.1 MB
Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]: Y
要列出所有已安装的应用，请运行以下命令：
flatpak list您将看到如下列表：
Name Application ID Version Branch Installation Google Chrome com.google.Chrome 107.0.5304.110-1 stable system Freedesktop Platform org.freedesktop.Platform 22.08.3 22.08 system Mesa org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 22.1.7 22.08 system openh264 org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.1.0 2.2.0 system
运行 Flatpak 应用
安装 Google Chrome 应用后，可通过运行以下命令启动它：
flatpak run com.google.Chrome上述命令将启动 Google Chrome 图形界面应用。
使用 Flatpak 移除应用
要移除 Google Chrome 应用，请运行以下命令：
flatpak uninstall com.google.Chrome您应该会看到如下输出：
ID Branch Op 1. com.google.Chrome stable r Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]: Y
要移除未使用的应用，请运行以下命令：
flatpak uninstall --unused要获取有关 Flatpak 命令的更多信息，请运行以下命令：
flatpak --help在以下输出中，您将看到所有命令行选项：
Usage: flatpak [OPTION…] COMMAND Builtin Commands: Manage installed applications and runtimes install Install an application or runtime update Update an installed application or runtime uninstall Uninstall an installed application or runtime mask Mask out updates and automatic installation pin Pin a runtime to prevent automatic removal list List installed apps and/or runtimes info Show info for installed app or runtime history Show history config Configure flatpak repair Repair flatpak installation create-usb Put applications or runtimes onto removable media Find applications and runtimes search Search for remote apps/runtimes Manage running applications run Run an application override Override permissions for an application make-current Specify default version to run enter Enter the namespace of a running application ps Enumerate running applications kill Stop a running application
总结
恭喜！您已成功在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 Flatpak。现在您可以将 Flatpak 作为 APT 的替代包管理器来安装和管理软件包。如果您有任何问题，欢迎随时向我提问。